Texas PPR (Pedagogy and Professional Responsibilities) Practice Test

What is defined as the use of positive/negative consequences to control behaviors?

1. Application

2. Analysis

3. Operant Conditioning

4. Synthesis

The correct answer is: Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning is the correct answer because it refers specifically to the behavior modification technique that involves using positive or negative consequences to influence an individual's behavior. This approach is grounded in the principles of behaviorism, where behaviors can be modified through reinforcement (positive or negative) or punishment. In operant conditioning, behaviors that are followed by pleasant outcomes are likely to be repeated, while those followed by unpleasant outcomes are likely to be diminished. This method is widely utilized in educational settings to shape students' behaviors in a constructive manner, making it a fundamental concept in both psychology and education. The other options, such as application, analysis, and synthesis, pertain more to cognitive processes or methods of reasoning rather than behavior modification techniques. Application involves using knowledge in practical situations, analysis focuses on breaking down information into components for better understanding, and synthesis refers to combining various elements into a coherent whole. None of these accurately describe the process of using consequences to control behavior, which is why operant conditioning is the appropriate choice.